197 research outputs found
Learning multifractal structure in large networks
Generating random graphs to model networks has a rich history. In this paper,
we analyze and improve upon the multifractal network generator (MFNG)
introduced by Palla et al. We provide a new result on the probability of
subgraphs existing in graphs generated with MFNG. From this result it follows
that we can quickly compute moments of an important set of graph properties,
such as the expected number of edges, stars, and cliques. Specifically, we show
how to compute these moments in time complexity independent of the size of the
graph and the number of recursive levels in the generative model. We leverage
this theory to a new method of moments algorithm for fitting large networks to
MFNG. Empirically, this new approach effectively simulates properties of
several social and information networks. In terms of matching subgraph counts,
our method outperforms similar algorithms used with the Stochastic Kronecker
Graph model. Furthermore, we present a fast approximation algorithm to generate
graph instances following the multi- fractal structure. The approximation
scheme is an improvement over previous methods, which ran in time complexity
quadratic in the number of vertices. Combined, our method of moments and fast
sampling scheme provide the first scalable framework for effectively modeling
large networks with MFNG
Network Density of States
Spectral analysis connects graph structure to the eigenvalues and
eigenvectors of associated matrices. Much of spectral graph theory descends
directly from spectral geometry, the study of differentiable manifolds through
the spectra of associated differential operators. But the translation from
spectral geometry to spectral graph theory has largely focused on results
involving only a few extreme eigenvalues and their associated eigenvalues.
Unlike in geometry, the study of graphs through the overall distribution of
eigenvalues - the spectral density - is largely limited to simple random graph
models. The interior of the spectrum of real-world graphs remains largely
unexplored, difficult to compute and to interpret.
In this paper, we delve into the heart of spectral densities of real-world
graphs. We borrow tools developed in condensed matter physics, and add novel
adaptations to handle the spectral signatures of common graph motifs. The
resulting methods are highly efficient, as we illustrate by computing spectral
densities for graphs with over a billion edges on a single compute node. Beyond
providing visually compelling fingerprints of graphs, we show how the
estimation of spectral densities facilitates the computation of many common
centrality measures, and use spectral densities to estimate meaningful
information about graph structure that cannot be inferred from the extremal
eigenpairs alone.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
- …